{"id":285,"date":"2025-01-21T09:59:54","date_gmt":"2025-01-21T08:59:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.quand-l-ame-agit.fr\/?p=285"},"modified":"2025-01-23T08:52:58","modified_gmt":"2025-01-23T07:52:58","slug":"article","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.quand-l-ame-agit.fr\/index.php\/2025\/01\/21\/article\/","title":{"rendered":"Article"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Trauma et traumatismes : entre confusions, id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues et … espoirs !<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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Cet article n\u2019a pas la pr\u00e9tention de traiter le sujet dans sa globalit\u00e9, mais plut\u00f4t de proposer une premi\u00e8re approche ainsi que quelques cl\u00e9s de compr\u00e9hension – non exhaustives et synth\u00e9tiques – du processus traumatique.<\/p>\n

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Qu\u2019est-ce qui d\u00e9termine le traumatisme\u00a0?<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Premi\u00e8rement, il ne faut pas confondre trauma et traumatisme \u2026 Je m\u2019explique. Le trauma est l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nement en lui-m\u00eame (l\u2019agression, le choc etc). Le traumatisme quant \u00e0 lui, consiste en l\u2019ensemble des cons\u00e9quences psychiques. Tout trauma n\u2019a pas forc\u00e9ment d\u2019effet psychique ult\u00e9rieur, et inversement\u00a0!<\/p>\n

La croyance r\u00e9pandue que le traumatisme est forc\u00e9ment proportionnel au trauma (et donc qu\u2019il y aurait une \u00e9chelle de gravit\u00e9 selon la nature de l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nement) est donc en partie fausse. Si le type d\u2019agression a bien s\u00fbr une importance, ce n\u2019est pas le facteur significatif. Mais si trauma et traumatisme ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement corr\u00e9l\u00e9s, quels sont les grands facteurs d\u00e9terminants\u00a0?<\/p>\n

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La th\u00e9orie de l\u2019attachement a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 qu\u2019un attachement insecure (de nature anxieux ambivalent ou \u00e9vitant), ou d\u00e9sorganis\u00e9, favorise la cristallisation du traumatisme. En n\u2019ayant pas int\u00e9rioris\u00e9 une base de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans l\u2019enfance (relation secure prodigu\u00e9e par la\/les figure(s) d\u2019attachement), ces personnes manquent de ressources internes pour g\u00e9rer l\u2019afflux \u00e9motionnels et sont donc plus \u2018\u00e0 risque\u2019. En d\u2019autres termes, la fa\u00e7on dont les parents ont r\u00e9agi \u00e0 nos \u00e9motions et notamment dans les situations de d\u00e9tresse, \u00e0 une port\u00e9e capitale sur notre fa\u00e7on d\u2019appr\u00e9hender le monde et de s\u2019y adapter. C\u2019est pour beaucoup d\u2019auteur le grand d\u00e9nominateur commun. Bien s\u00fbr, des exp\u00e9riences ult\u00e9rieures peuvent modifier tout au long de la vie notre relation d\u2019attachement. (La th\u00e9orie de l\u2019attachement \u00e9tant un sujet \u00e0 lui tout seul, ce serait beaucoup trop long de le d\u00e9velopper ici, mais il est tellement important et passionnant qu\u2019il sera s\u00fbrement l\u2019objet d\u2019un prochain article\u00a0!)<\/p>\n

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Boris Cyrulnik[1]<\/a>, merveilleux neuropsychiatre qui a pos\u00e9 le concept de r\u00e9silience (processus permettant \u00e0 un individu de d\u00e9passer le traumatisme) a identifi\u00e9 plusieurs facteurs influen\u00e7ant les r\u00e9actions \u00e0 un choc. La mani\u00e8re de r\u00e9agir de l\u2019entourage est d\u00e9terminante\u00a0: si le r\u00e9cit est accueilli et ce avec bienveillance, compassion, la r\u00e9silience sera possible. Autre facteur commun\u00a0: les fameux tuteurs de r\u00e9silience. En dehors de la famille, ces personnes signifiantes, en redonnant confiance, et en ayant elles-m\u00eames confiance dans les capacit\u00e9s de la victime, vont la soutenir et l\u2019amener \u00e0 se reconstruire.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Je vous conseille deux ouvrages de B. Cyrulnik\u00a0 sur le sujet\u00a0: \u2018Les vilains petits canards\u2019 et \u2018la nuit j\u2019\u00e9crirai des soleil\u2019<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Donc, la possibilit\u00e9 de dire\/\u00e9crire\/raconter (Boris Cyrulnik affirmait que \u00ab\u00a0raconter c\u2019est d\u00e9j\u00e0 interpr\u00e9ter\u00a0\u00bb) donne un sens et met ainsi \u00e0 distance le traumatisme, tant qu\u2019il y a un autre pour recevoir le r\u00e9cit. Le processus de r\u00e9silience a apport\u00e9 une vision positive, un espoir de reconstruction, dans un domaine o\u00f9 on consid\u00e9rait qu\u2019on ne \u2018gu\u00e9rissait\u2019 pas d\u2019un traumatisme important (vous remarquerez qu\u2019encore aujourd\u2019hui, certaines personnes ont tendance \u00e0 d\u00e9finir l\u2019autre en fonction de son v\u00e9cu traumatique).<\/p>\n

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Les classifications du traumatisme<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Que peut-on donc consid\u00e9rer comme \u00e9tant traumatique\u00a0?<\/p>\n

Le mot Trauma vient de deux mots grecs signifiant \u00ab\u00a0blessure\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0percer\u00a0\u00bb, induisant une blessure avec effraction[1]<\/span><\/a>. Le traumatisme d\u00e9signe donc en psychanalyse un choc, une effraction psychique. Le choc de\/des \u00e9v\u00e8nements provoque un afflux d\u2019excitations trop intense pour l\u2019appareil psychique, il se trouve dans l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 d\u2019en g\u00e9rer la d\u00e9charge, cr\u00e9ant ainsi le traumatisme.<\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/span><\/a> Vocabulaire de la psychanalyse, La planche et Pontalis, Ed Quadrige\/PUF 9\u00e8me<\/sup> tirage 2023, p 499<\/p>\n

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Il y a donc un seuil de tol\u00e9rance (appel\u00e9 aussi \u2018fen\u00eatre de tol\u00e9rance \u00e9motionnelle’), propre \u00e0 chacun comme nous l\u2019avons vu, qui est franchi. Ainsi le\/les \u00e9v\u00e8nement(s) ne peuvent \u00eatre trait\u00e9s comme des souvenirs, et reste pour le cerveau et l\u2019Inconscient, consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme du pr\u00e9sent. Ceci explique que la moindre circonstance similaire r\u00e9active le traumatisme.<\/p>\n

On distingue le traumatisme de type 1, appel\u00e9 aussi \u2018simple\u2019, comme \u00e9tant la cons\u00e9quence d\u2019un \u00e9v\u00e8nement unique et ayant une dur\u00e9e limit\u00e9e. Le traumatisme de type 2 (complexe), fait suite \u00e0 un \u00e9v\u00e8nement ayant eu lieu plusieurs fois. Le traumatisme de type 3 (complexe), correspond \u00e0 des \u00e9v\u00e8nements vari\u00e9s, r\u00e9p\u00e9titifs. Il prend racine dans la petite enfance s\u2019inscrit dans une dur\u00e9e longue. On pensera bien s\u00fbr aux violences familiales, \u00e0 l\u2019inceste, mais les victimes d\u2019emprise (pervers narcissiques) et les anciens adeptes de secte rel\u00e8vent aussi du type 3\u00a0! Le type 4, malheureusement induit que la personne est toujours dans une situation de traumatisme complexe.<\/p>\n

Mais il ne faut pas n\u00e9gliger non plus les traumatismes chroniques \u2018t\u2019, correspondant \u00e0 l\u2019accumulations de pleins de petites situ\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ations d\u2019humiliation, de critiques, voire de toutes formes de n\u00e9gligences. En gros, toutes ces petites choses accumul\u00e9es qui forment une maltraitance verbale ou passive (donc \u2018invisible\u2019). Bien souvent, ces traumatismes ne sont pas reconnus, ni par l\u2019entourage ni par les victimes elles-m\u00eames, ce qui majore bien souvent leur mal-\u00eatre (culpabilit\u00e9, d\u00e9pression, etc).<\/p>\n

Les soignants sont expos\u00e9s quant \u00e0 eux au traumatisme vicariant\u00a0: sans avoir v\u00e9cu eux-m\u00eames les \u00e9v\u00e8nements, le fait d\u2019\u00eatre les d\u00e9positaires r\u00e9guliers des traumatismes des personnes soign\u00e9es peut les amener \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des troubles du SSPT (Syndrome de Stress Post Traumatique).<\/p>\n

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Et le transg\u00e9n\u00e9rationnel alors\u00a0? <\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Le traumatisme est par ailleurs multidimensionnel, il ne provient pas seulement de l\u2019histoire de vie de la personne, il peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre \u2018transmis\u2019. Anne Ancelin Schutzenberger et bien d\u2019autres apr\u00e8s elle, ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9 les enjeux de nos h\u00e9ritages transg\u00e9n\u00e9rationnels. Plus r\u00e9cemment, l\u2019\u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tique a prouv\u00e9 \u00e0 tous les sceptiques qui consid\u00e9raient la psychog\u00e9n\u00e9alogie comme \u2018\u00e9sot\u00e9rique\u2019, \u2018fumeuse\u2019 (comme Jung en son temps\u00a0!) qu\u2019effectivement les effets d\u2019un traumatisme v\u00e9cu par un parent et non r\u00e9solu aura des cons\u00e9quences sur l\u2019enfant.\u00a0Cette preuve est objectivable et irr\u00e9futable\u00a0: l\u2019ADN m\u00eame de l\u2019enfant, est endommag\u00e9[1]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0! Cela a de quoi faire r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir. Est-ce une fatalit\u00e9\u00a0? Est-on alors d\u00e9termin\u00e9 d\u2019avance, condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 souffrir pour les blessures de nos a\u00efeux\u00a0?<\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/span><\/a> Etude de Rachel Yehuda, en 2015, sur les rescap\u00e9s de la Shoah ainsi que leurs enfants (modification du g\u00e8ne de l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et des troubles mentaux)<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bb2_5″][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttp:\/\/www.quand-l-ame-agit.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/transG.png\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbtransG\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0″ sticky_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0″ sticky_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0″]<\/p>\n

Si vous me connaissez, vous connaissez aussi ma vision humaniste, et ma confiance dans les capacit\u00e9s d\u2019auto gu\u00e9rison de chacun. Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 prouv\u00e9, que suite \u00e0 une psychoth\u00e9rapie, l\u2019adn pouvait \u00eatre RESTAURE. Ce qui veut aussi dire, qu\u2019on r\u00e9pare non seulement notre adn, mais qu\u2019on offre aussi cet immense cadeau \u00e0 nos descendants, \u0153uvrant ainsi \u00e0 nettoyer notre arbre g\u00e9n\u00e9alogique.<\/p>\n

N\u2019y-a-t-il pas l\u00e0 la magie de l\u2019\u00e2me\u00a0?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#00B0C0″ hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0″ sticky_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0″][et_pb_column _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0″ sticky_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0″]<\/p>\n

Dans ma pratique professionnelle, j\u2019utilise entre autres comme outils le RITMO et la PNL pour travailler sur les traumatismes. Le RITMO permet un travail en profondeur m\u00eame en cas d\u2019amn\u00e9sie traumatique, ou de traumatismes transg\u00e9n\u00e9rationnels m\u00eame difficiles \u00e0 identifier\/v\u00e9rifier. Parmi le champ des possibles, la PNL permet de relier les \u00e9v\u00e8nements de vie, de travailler sur les croyances ancr\u00e9es et de transformer sa perception de soi (restauration de l\u2019estime de soi).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0″ sticky_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0″]<\/p>\n

Cindy ALLEMANG<\/p>\n

Psychopraticienne et \u00e9nerg\u00e9ticienne<\/p>\n

Th\u00e9rapies individuelles et ateliers de groupe<\/p>\n

Hypnose \/ PNL \/ RITMO \/ Rebozo<\/p>\n

S\u00e9ances en pr\u00e9sentiel et\/ou visio<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trauma et traumatismes : entre confusions, id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues et … espoirs !Cet article n\u2019a pas la pr\u00e9tention de traiter le sujet dans sa globalit\u00e9, mais plut\u00f4t de proposer une premi\u00e8re approche ainsi que quelques cl\u00e9s de compr\u00e9hension – non exhaustives et synth\u00e9tiques – du processus traumatique.Qu\u2019est-ce qui d\u00e9termine le traumatisme\u00a0?Premi\u00e8rement, il ne faut pas confondre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":137,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nArticle - Quand l'\u00e2me agit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quand-l-ame-agit.fr\/index.php\/2025\/01\/21\/article\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Article - 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